kernel - Purpose and usage of firmware packages on Linux -


i have written firmware many micro-controllers, 8051, avr, , arm. have clear idea firmware is.

recently when updating linux distro, noticed there many firmware related packages being updated, e.g. iwl3160-firmware, , iwl1000-firmware. have files .fw extension.

if firmware piece of code, burnt non-volatile memory of embedded controller, these .fw files doing?

is burnt respective devices' non-volatile memory @ time of system update, or dynamically loaded device's volatile program memory every time device switched on? or vendor specific proprietary codes used kernel access device?

an answer specific example, iwl3160-firmware, appreciated.

"firmware" has become broader , evolved code written nvm of chip more of term referring programmed middleware.

i haven't inspected these files myself can't imagine being burned in. imagine drivers take high level input application level , convert operations low level hardware. thats firmware now.


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